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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood category is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The largest of extant termites would be the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1.
Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a pair of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.
Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with two plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short basics cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are wide and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are more simplified. For example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the semen is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of link thieves are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and thicker legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique would be to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in meals and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested timber. The procedure for worker termites feeding other nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not own a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that perform the exact same work without differentiating as a distinct caste.53.